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id="article-container"><h1 id="一、线程回顾"><a href="#一、线程回顾" class="headerlink" title="一、线程回顾"></a>一、线程回顾</h1><h2 id="1、创建线程的四种方式"><a href="#1、创建线程的四种方式" class="headerlink" title="1、创建线程的四种方式"></a>1、创建线程的四种方式</h2><ol>
<li>继承Thread<ul>
<li><strong>启动线程【创建继承Thread的实现类，调用start方法启动】</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>实现Runnable接口<ul>
<li><strong>启动线程【创建一个Thread，往里面传入一个Runnable的实现类，调用start方法启动】</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>实现Callable接口  + FutureTask（可以拿到返回结果，可以处理异常）<ul>
<li><strong>启动线程【创建一个Thread，往里面传入一个Runnable的实现类，调用start方法启动】</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>线程池</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>前三种创建线程的方式————以下三种创建线程的方式都不建议使用</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>这三种方式可能会导致线程耗尽，这三种方式创建线程，就相当于，一个公司有一个新任务就招一个新员工，这样会导致资源耗尽</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">ThreadTest</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//创建线程方式一：继承Thread</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">Thread01</span> <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title class_">Thread</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">run</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;当前线程：&quot;</span> + Thread.currentThread().getId()); </span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//创建线程方式二：实现Runnable接口 </span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">Runnable01</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title class_">Runnable</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">run</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;当前线程：&quot;</span> + Thread.currentThread().getId()); </span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//创建线程方式三：实现Callable接口 </span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">Callable01</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title class_">Callable</span>&lt;Integer&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">public</span> Integer <span class="title function_">call</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> Exception &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;当前线程：&quot;</span> + Thread.currentThread().getId()); </span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">10</span> / <span class="number">2</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<hr>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>使用线程池方式创建线程 ————建议使用线程池创建线程</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>线程池的详细使用可以去看下JUC</strong></p>
<p><strong>四种创建线程的区别：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>继承Thread和实现Runnable创建线程不能得到返回值，实现Callable&lt; V &gt;接口可以获取返回值</li>
<li>这三种方式都不能控制资源</li>
<li>使用线程池可以控制资源，性能稳定</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">ThreadTest</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//创建线程池</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">ExecutorService</span> <span class="variable">service</span> <span class="operator">=</span> Executors.newFixedThreadPool(<span class="number">10</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;========================线程池的使用=====================================&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        service.execute(() -&gt; System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;使用线程池中的线程，执行一个异步方法&quot;</span>));</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="2、线程池的七大参数和创建线程池"><a href="#2、线程池的七大参数和创建线程池" class="headerlink" title="2、线程池的七大参数和创建线程池"></a>2、线程池的七大参数和创建线程池</h2><blockquote>
<p><strong>线程池（ExecutorService）的创建</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>Executors</strong></p>
<p><strong>new ThreadPoolExecutor()</strong></p>
<hr>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>ThreadPoolExecutor创建线程池的七大参数：</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>int corePoolSize：核心线程数（一直存在，除非调用allowCoreThreadTimeOut）；线程池创建好以后就准备就绪的线程数量，就等待来接收异步任务去执行</strong></p>
<p><strong>int maximumPoolSize：最大线程数量；控制资源，【如果指定为200，就算提交了100000个异步任务，也只能一次执行200个异步任务】</strong></p>
<p><strong>long keepAliveTime：线程存活时间。释放空闲的线程（maximumPoolSize-corePoolSize），只要线程的空闲时间大于指定的线程存活时间，就释放线程。但是不会释放corePoolSize中的线程</strong></p>
<p><strong>TimeUnit  unit：用于指定keepAliveTime的时间单位</strong></p>
<p><strong>BlockingQueue&lt; Runnable &gt; workQueue：阻塞队列，如果一次性任务有很多，就回家那个目前多的任务放在队列里面，只要有空闲的线程了，就会从队列中取出新的任务继续执行</strong></p>
<p><strong>ThreadFactory threadFactory：线程的创建工厂</strong></p>
<p><strong>RejectedExecutionHandler handler：处理策略。如果队列满了，按照我们指定的拒绝策略执行任务</strong></p>
<hr>
<p><strong>工作流程</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>线程池创建，准备好core 数量的核心线程，准备接受任务<ul>
<li>core 满了，就将再进来的任务放入阻塞队列中。空闲的core 就会自己去阻塞队<br>  列获取任务执行</li>
<li>阻塞队列满了，就直接开新线程执行，最大只能开到max 指定的数量</li>
<li>max 都执行好了。Max-core 数量空闲的线程会在keepAliveTime 指定的时间后自<br>  动销毁。最终保持到core 大小</li>
<li>如果线程数开到了max 的数量，还有新任务进来，就会使用reject 指定的拒绝策<br>  略进行处理</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>所有的线程创建都是由指定的factory 创建的</li>
</ol>
<hr>
<p><strong>题目：</strong></p>
<p><strong>一个线程池 core 7； max 20 ，queue：50，100 并发进来怎么分配的；</strong></p>
<p><strong>先有7 个能直接得到执行，接下来50 个进入队列排队，在多开13 个继续执行。现在70 个被安排上了。剩下30 个默认拒绝策略。</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//使用ThreadPoolExecutor创建一个线程池</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">ThreadPoolExecutor</span> <span class="variable">poolExecutor</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ThreadPoolExecutor</span>(<span class="number">5</span>,</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="number">200</span>,</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="number">10</span>,</span><br><span class="line">        TimeUnit.SECONDS,</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">LinkedBlockingDeque</span>&lt;&gt;(<span class="number">1000</span>),</span><br><span class="line">        Executors.defaultThreadFactory(),</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ThreadPoolExecutor</span>.AbortPolicy());</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="3、常见四种线程池"><a href="#3、常见四种线程池" class="headerlink" title="3、常见四种线程池"></a>3、常见四种线程池</h2><p><strong>这四种线程池都可以使用<code>Executors</code>快速创建</strong></p>
<p><strong>newCachedThreadPool</strong></p>
<p><strong>newFixedThreadPool</strong></p>
<p><strong>newScheduledThreadPool</strong></p>
<p><strong>newSingleThreadExecutor</strong></p>
<h1 id="二、CompletableFuture-异步编排"><a href="#二、CompletableFuture-异步编排" class="headerlink" title="二、CompletableFuture 异步编排"></a>二、CompletableFuture 异步编排</h1><h2 id="1、创建异步对象"><a href="#1、创建异步对象" class="headerlink" title="1、创建异步对象"></a>1、创建异步对象</h2><p><strong>CompletableFuture 提供了四个静态方法来创建一个异步操作。</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> &lt;U&gt; CompletableFuture&lt;U&gt; <span class="title function_">supplyAsync</span><span class="params">(Supplier&lt;U&gt; supplier)</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> &lt;U&gt; CompletableFuture&lt;U&gt; <span class="title function_">supplyAsync</span><span class="params">(Supplier&lt;U&gt; supplier,Executor executor)</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> CompletableFuture&lt;Void&gt; <span class="title function_">runAsync</span><span class="params">(Runnable runnable)</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> CompletableFuture&lt;Void&gt; <span class="title function_">runAsync</span><span class="params">(Runnable runnable,Executor executor)</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>使用</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">ThreadTest</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//创建线程池</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="type">ExecutorService</span> <span class="variable">executor</span> <span class="operator">=</span> Executors.newFixedThreadPool(<span class="number">10</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> ExecutionException, InterruptedException &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;========================异步编排使用---starter=====================================&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// CompletableFuture启动方式一：【调用runAsync方法，没有返回值】</span></span><br><span class="line">        CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;当前线程：&quot;</span> + Thread.currentThread().getId());</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">i</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">10</span> * <span class="number">2</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;运行结果为：&quot;</span> + i); </span><br><span class="line">        &#125;, executor); </span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// CompletableFuture启动方式二：【调用supplyAsync方法，有返回值】 </span></span><br><span class="line">        CompletableFuture&lt;Integer&gt; supplyAsync = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;当前线程：&quot;</span> + Thread.currentThread().getId());</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">i</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">10</span> / <span class="number">2</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;运行结果为：&quot;</span> + i);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> i;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;, executor);</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;返回值为：&quot;</span>+supplyAsync.get());</span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;========================异步编排使用---end=====================================&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="2、完成时执行回调"><a href="#2、完成时执行回调" class="headerlink" title="2、完成时执行回调"></a>2、完成时执行回调</h2><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> CompletableFuture&lt;T&gt; <span class="title function_">whenComplete</span><span class="params">(BiConsumer&lt;? <span class="built_in">super</span> T, ? <span class="built_in">super</span> Throwable&gt; action)</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> CompletableFuture&lt;T&gt; <span class="title function_">whenCompleteAsync</span><span class="params">(BiConsumer&lt;? <span class="built_in">super</span> T, ? <span class="built_in">super</span> Throwable&gt; action)</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> CompletableFuture&lt;T&gt; <span class="title function_">whenCompleteAsync</span><span class="params">(BiConsumer&lt;? <span class="built_in">super</span> T, ? <span class="built_in">super</span> Throwable&gt; action, Executor executor)</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> CompletableFuture&lt;T&gt; <span class="title function_">exceptionally</span><span class="params">(Function&lt;Throwable, ? extends T&gt; fn)</span> </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>whenComplete 可以处理正常和异常的计算结果，<strong>但是不能修改返回值</strong>，exceptionally 处理异常情况。<strong>可以修改返回值</strong></li>
<li>whenComplete 和 whenCompleteAsync 的区别：<ul>
<li>whenComplete：是执行当前任务的线程执行继续执行 whenComplete 的任务。</li>
<li>whenCompleteAsync：是执行把 whenCompleteAsync 这个任务继续提交给线程池来进行执行。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>方法不以Async 结尾，意味着Action 使用相同的线程执行，而Async 可能会使用其他线程执行（如果是使用相同的线程池，也可能会被同一个线程选中执行）</strong></p>
<p><strong>使用</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">ThreadTest</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//创建线程池</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="type">ExecutorService</span> <span class="variable">executor</span> <span class="operator">=</span> Executors.newFixedThreadPool(<span class="number">10</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> ExecutionException, InterruptedException &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//使用 whenComplete 处理回调</span></span><br><span class="line">        CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -&gt; <span class="number">10</span> / <span class="number">0</span>, executor)</span><br><span class="line">                .whenComplete((result, ex) -&gt; System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;异步任务成功完成了，结果是：&quot;</span> + result + <span class="string">&quot;；异常是：&quot;</span> + ex));</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//使用 exceptionally 处理回调</span></span><br><span class="line">        CompletableFuture&lt;Integer&gt; exceptionally = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -&gt; <span class="number">10</span> / <span class="number">0</span>, executor)</span><br><span class="line">                .exceptionally(ex -&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;异常为：&quot;</span> + ex);</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">20</span>;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;);</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;exceptionally处理后的返回结果为：&quot;</span> + exceptionally.get());</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="3、handle-方法"><a href="#3、handle-方法" class="headerlink" title="3、handle 方法"></a>3、handle 方法</h2><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> &lt;U&gt; CompletableFuture&lt;U&gt; <span class="title function_">handle</span><span class="params">(BiFunction&lt;? <span class="built_in">super</span> T, Throwable, ? extends U&gt; fn)</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> &lt;U&gt; CompletableFuture&lt;U&gt; <span class="title function_">handleAsync</span><span class="params">(BiFunction&lt;? <span class="built_in">super</span> T, Throwable, ? extends U&gt; fn)</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> &lt;U&gt; CompletableFuture&lt;U&gt; <span class="title function_">handleAsync</span><span class="params">(BiFunction&lt;? <span class="built_in">super</span> T, Throwable, ? extends U&gt; fn, Executor executor)</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>和complete 一样，可对结果做最后的处理（可处理异常），可改变返回值。</strong></p>
<p><strong>使用</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">ThreadTest</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//创建线程池</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="type">ExecutorService</span> <span class="variable">executor</span> <span class="operator">=</span> Executors.newFixedThreadPool(<span class="number">10</span>);  </span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> ExecutionException, InterruptedException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">        CompletableFuture&lt;Integer&gt; handle = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -&gt; <span class="number">10</span> / <span class="number">0</span>, executor)</span><br><span class="line">            .handle((result, exception) -&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (result != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">return</span> -<span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (exception != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;);</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;handle执行后的返回值为：&quot;</span> + handle.get());</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="4、线程串行化方法—thenXxx"><a href="#4、线程串行化方法—thenXxx" class="headerlink" title="4、线程串行化方法—thenXxx"></a>4、线程串行化方法—thenXxx</h2><p><strong>以Async 结尾的方法，可以继续传入一个新的线程，不需要和之前的是同一个线程</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//不能接收上一步的结果，也没有结果返回</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> CompletableFuture&lt;Void&gt; <span class="title function_">thenRun</span><span class="params">(Runnable action)</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> CompletableFuture&lt;Void&gt; <span class="title function_">thenRunAsync</span><span class="params">(Runnable action)</span> ;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> CompletableFuture&lt;Void&gt; <span class="title function_">thenRunAsync</span><span class="params">(Runnable action, Executor executor)</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//可以接收上一次任务的返回值，但是自己没有返回值</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> CompletableFuture&lt;Void&gt; <span class="title function_">thenAccept</span><span class="params">(Consumer&lt;? <span class="built_in">super</span> T&gt; action)</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> CompletableFuture&lt;Void&gt; <span class="title function_">thenAcceptAsync</span><span class="params">(Consumer&lt;? <span class="built_in">super</span> T&gt; action)</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> CompletableFuture&lt;Void&gt; <span class="title function_">thenAcceptAsync</span><span class="params">(Consumer&lt;? <span class="built_in">super</span> T&gt; action, Executor executor)</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//可以就收上一步任务的返回值，自己可以有返回值</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> &lt;U&gt; CompletableFuture&lt;U&gt; <span class="title function_">thenApply</span><span class="params">(Function&lt;? <span class="built_in">super</span> T, ? extends U&gt; fn)</span> ;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> &lt;U&gt; CompletableFuture&lt;U&gt; <span class="title function_">thenApplyAsync</span><span class="params">(Function&lt;? <span class="built_in">super</span> T, ? extends U&gt; fn)</span> ;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> &lt;U&gt; CompletableFuture&lt;U&gt; <span class="title function_">thenApplyAsync</span><span class="params">(Function&lt;? <span class="built_in">super</span> T, ? extends U&gt; fn, Executor executor)</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>thenApply 方法：当一个线程依赖另一个线程时，获取上一个任务返回的结果，并返回当前任务的返回值。</p>
<p>thenAccept 方法：消费处理结果。接收任务的处理结果，并消费处理，无返回结果。</p>
<p>thenRun 方法：只要上面的任务执行完成，就开始执行thenRun，只是处理完任务后，执行thenRun 的后续操作</p>
<p>带有Async 默认是异步执行的。同之前。</p>
<p>以上都要前置任务成功完成。</p>
<p>Function&lt;? super T,? extends U&gt;</p>
<p>​        T：上一个任务返回结果的类型</p>
<p>​        U：当前任务的返回值类型</p>
<p><strong>使用</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">ThreadTest</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//创建线程池</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="type">ExecutorService</span> <span class="variable">executor</span> <span class="operator">=</span> Executors.newFixedThreadPool(<span class="number">10</span>);  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        CompletableFuture</span><br><span class="line">            .supplyAsync(() -&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;任务1启动&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">10</span> / <span class="number">5</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;, executor)</span><br><span class="line">            .thenApplyAsync(result -&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;上一步的结果为：&quot;</span> + result);</span><br><span class="line">                System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;任务2启动&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> result * <span class="number">2</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;)</span><br><span class="line">            .thenAcceptAsync(result -&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;上一个任务的结果为：&quot;</span> + result);</span><br><span class="line">                System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;任务3启动&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;)</span><br><span class="line">            .thenRunAsync(() -&gt; System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;任务4启动了&quot;</span>), executor);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="5、两任务组合-都要完成"><a href="#5、两任务组合-都要完成" class="headerlink" title="5、两任务组合 - 都要完成"></a>5、两任务组合 - 都要完成</h2><p>两个任务必须都完成，触发该任务。</p>
<p>thenCombine：组合两个future，获取两个future 的返回结果，并返回当前任务的返回值</p>
<p>thenAcceptBoth：组合两个future，获取两个future 任务的返回结果，然后处理任务，没有返回值。</p>
<p>runAfterBoth：组合两个future，不需要获取future 的结果，只需两个future 处理完任务后，处理该任务。</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> &lt;U,V&gt; CompletableFuture&lt;V&gt; <span class="title function_">thenCombine</span><span class="params">(</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">    CompletionStage&lt;? extends U&gt; other,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">    BiFunction&lt;? <span class="built_in">super</span> T,? <span class="built_in">super</span> U,? extends V&gt; fn)</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> &lt;U,V&gt; CompletableFuture&lt;V&gt; <span class="title function_">thenCombineAsync</span><span class="params">(</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">    CompletionStage&lt;? extends U&gt; other,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">    BiFunction&lt;? <span class="built_in">super</span> T,? <span class="built_in">super</span> U,? extends V&gt; fn)</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> &lt;U,V&gt; CompletableFuture&lt;V&gt; <span class="title function_">thenCombineAsync</span><span class="params">(</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">    CompletionStage&lt;? extends U&gt; other,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">    BiFunction&lt;? <span class="built_in">super</span> T,? <span class="built_in">super</span> U,? extends V&gt; fn, Executor executor)</span> ;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> &lt;U&gt; CompletableFuture&lt;Void&gt; <span class="title function_">thenAcceptBoth</span><span class="params">(</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">    CompletionStage&lt;? extends U&gt; other,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">    BiConsumer&lt;? <span class="built_in">super</span> T, ? <span class="built_in">super</span> U&gt; action)</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> &lt;U&gt; CompletableFuture&lt;Void&gt; <span class="title function_">thenAcceptBothAsync</span><span class="params">(</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">    CompletionStage&lt;? extends U&gt; other,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">    BiConsumer&lt;? <span class="built_in">super</span> T, ? <span class="built_in">super</span> U&gt; action)</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> &lt;U&gt; CompletableFuture&lt;Void&gt; <span class="title function_">thenAcceptBothAsync</span><span class="params">(</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">    CompletionStage&lt;? extends U&gt; other,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">    BiConsumer&lt;? <span class="built_in">super</span> T, ? <span class="built_in">super</span> U&gt; action, Executor executor)</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> CompletableFuture&lt;Void&gt; <span class="title function_">runAfterBoth</span><span class="params">(CompletionStage&lt;?&gt; other,Runnable action)</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> CompletableFuture&lt;Void&gt; <span class="title function_">runAfterBothAsync</span><span class="params">(CompletionStage&lt;?&gt; other,Runnable action)</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> CompletableFuture&lt;Void&gt; <span class="title function_">runAfterBothAsync</span><span class="params">(CompletionStage&lt;?&gt; other,Runnable action,Executor executor)</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>使用</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">ThreadTest</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//创建线程池</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="type">ExecutorService</span> <span class="variable">executor</span> <span class="operator">=</span> Executors.newFixedThreadPool(<span class="number">10</span>);  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> ExecutionException, InterruptedException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        CompletableFuture&lt;Integer&gt; future01 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;任务1线程启动：&quot;</span> + Thread.currentThread().getId());</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;任务1线程结束：&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">10</span> / <span class="number">5</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;, executor);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        CompletableFuture&lt;String&gt; future02 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;任务2线程启动：&quot;</span> + Thread.currentThread().getId());</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;任务2线程结束：&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string">&quot;任务二&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;, executor);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//前面两个任务执行完成之后才执行----不能接收返回值----自己没有返回值</span></span><br><span class="line">        future01.runAfterBoth(future02, () -&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;任务三开始&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//前面两个任务执行完成之后才执行----可以接收返回值----自己没有返回值</span></span><br><span class="line">        future01.thenAcceptBothAsync(future02, (result1, result2) -&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;任务一的返回值为：&quot;</span> + result1);</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;任务二的返回值为：&quot;</span> + result2);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;, executor);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(future01.thenCombineAsync(future02, (result1, result2) -&gt;</span><br><span class="line">                                                     <span class="string">&quot;thenAcceptBothAsync的返回值为任务1和任务2的返回值结合：&quot;</span> + result1 + result2, executor).get());</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="6、两任务组合-一个完成"><a href="#6、两任务组合-一个完成" class="headerlink" title="6、两任务组合 - 一个完成"></a>6、两任务组合 - 一个完成</h2><p>当两个任务中，任意一个future 任务完成的时候，执行任务。</p>
<p>applyToEither：两个任务有一个执行完成，获取它的返回值，处理任务并有新的返回值。</p>
<p>acceptEither：两个任务有一个执行完成，获取它的返回值，处理任务，没有新的返回值。</p>
<p>runAfterEither：两个任务有一个执行完成，不需要获取future 的结果，处理任务，也没有返回值。</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> &lt;U&gt; CompletableFuture&lt;U&gt; <span class="title function_">applyToEither</span><span class="params">(CompletionStage&lt;? extends T&gt; other, Function&lt;? <span class="built_in">super</span> T, U&gt; fn)</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> &lt;U&gt; CompletableFuture&lt;U&gt; <span class="title function_">applyToEitherAsync</span><span class="params">(CompletionStage&lt;? extends T&gt; other, Function&lt;? <span class="built_in">super</span> T, U&gt; fn)</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> &lt;U&gt; CompletableFuture&lt;U&gt; <span class="title function_">applyToEitherAsync</span><span class="params">(</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">    CompletionStage&lt;? extends T&gt; other, Function&lt;? <span class="built_in">super</span> T, U&gt; fn,Executor executor)</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> CompletableFuture&lt;Void&gt; <span class="title function_">acceptEither</span><span class="params">(CompletionStage&lt;? extends T&gt; other, Consumer&lt;? <span class="built_in">super</span> T&gt; action)</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> CompletableFuture&lt;Void&gt; <span class="title function_">acceptEitherAsync</span><span class="params">(CompletionStage&lt;? extends T&gt; other, Consumer&lt;? <span class="built_in">super</span> T&gt; action)</span> ;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> CompletableFuture&lt;Void&gt; <span class="title function_">acceptEitherAsync</span><span class="params">(</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">    CompletionStage&lt;? extends T&gt; other, Consumer&lt;? <span class="built_in">super</span> T&gt; action,Executor executor)</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> CompletableFuture&lt;Void&gt; <span class="title function_">runAfterEither</span><span class="params">(CompletionStage&lt;?&gt; other,Runnable action)</span> ;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> CompletableFuture&lt;Void&gt; <span class="title function_">runAfterEitherAsync</span><span class="params">(CompletionStage&lt;?&gt; other, Runnable action)</span>; </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> CompletableFuture&lt;Void&gt; <span class="title function_">runAfterEitherAsync</span><span class="params">(CompletionStage&lt;?&gt; other,Runnable action,Executor executor)</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>使用</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">ThreadTest</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//创建线程池</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="type">ExecutorService</span> <span class="variable">executor</span> <span class="operator">=</span> Executors.newFixedThreadPool(<span class="number">10</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> Exception &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        CompletableFuture&lt;Object&gt; future01 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;任务1线程启动：&quot;</span> + Thread.currentThread().getId());</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;任务1线程结束：&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">10</span> / <span class="number">5</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;, executor);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        CompletableFuture&lt;Object&gt; future02 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;任务2线程启动：&quot;</span> + Thread.currentThread().getId());</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;任务2线程结束：&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string">&quot;任务二&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;, executor);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//两个任务只要有一个完成就执行任务三——不能获取之前的返回值，自己也没有返回值</span></span><br><span class="line">        future01.runAfterEitherAsync(future02, () -&gt; System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;任务三执行&quot;</span>), executor);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//两个任务只要有一个完成就执行任务三——能获取之前的返回值，自己也没有返回值</span></span><br><span class="line">        future01.acceptEitherAsync(future02, result -&gt; System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;上一步的返回值为&quot;</span> + result), executor);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//两个任务只要有一个完成就执行任务三——能获取之前的返回值，可以添加返回值</span></span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(future01.applyToEitherAsync(future02, result -&gt; <span class="string">&quot;接收的返回值为：&quot;</span> + result, executor).get());</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="7、多任务组合"><a href="#7、多任务组合" class="headerlink" title="7、多任务组合"></a>7、多任务组合</h2><p><strong>allOf：等待所有任务完成，才算完成</strong></p>
<p><strong>anyOf：只要有一个任务完成，就算完成了</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> CompletableFuture&lt;Void&gt; <span class="title function_">allOf</span><span class="params">(CompletableFuture&lt;?&gt;... cfs)</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> CompletableFuture&lt;Object&gt; <span class="title function_">anyOf</span><span class="params">(CompletableFuture&lt;?&gt;... cfs)</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="三、应用场景"><a href="#三、应用场景" class="headerlink" title="三、应用场景"></a>三、应用场景</h1><p><strong>可以在商品介绍的部分使用异步编排的方式获取商品属性</strong></p>
<p><strong>比如：查询一个商品的详细信息中，商品属性值的获取必须要先查询到sku的信息，就可以使用异步编排的方式，先查询商品sku，再根据查询到的sku的值再去查询属性或其他需要依赖sku的信息，而不是一次性查询出来，免得使用时间过长。</strong></p>
<h1 id="自定义线程池的场景启动器"><a href="#自定义线程池的场景启动器" class="headerlink" title="自定义线程池的场景启动器"></a>自定义线程池的场景启动器</h1><h2 id="创建Maven项目"><a href="#创建Maven项目" class="headerlink" title="创建Maven项目"></a>创建Maven项目</h2><p><img src= "" data-lazy-src="https://www.naste.top:9000/webp/image-20220624212823183.webp" alt="image-20220624212823183"></p>
<h2 id="ThreadPoolProperties"><a href="#ThreadPoolProperties" class="headerlink" title="ThreadPoolProperties"></a>ThreadPoolProperties</h2><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br><span class="line">81</span><br><span class="line">82</span><br><span class="line">83</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.util.concurrent.*;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@ConfigurationProperties(&quot;thread.pool&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">ThreadPoolProperties</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//核心线程数（一直存在，除非调用allowCoreThreadTimeOut）；线程池创建好以后就准备就绪的线程数量，就等待来接收异步任务去执行</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="type">Integer</span> <span class="variable">corePoolSize</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">20</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//最大线程数量；控制资源，【如果指定为200，就算提交了100000个异步任务，也只能一次执行200个异步任务】</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="type">Integer</span> <span class="variable">maximumPoolSize</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">200</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//线程存活时间。释放空闲的线程（maximumPoolSize-corePoolSize），只要线程的空闲时间大于指定的线程存活时间，就释放线程。但是不会释放corePoolSize中的线程</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="type">Long</span> <span class="variable">keepAliveTime</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">10L</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//用于指定keepAliveTime的时间单位</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="type">TimeUnit</span> <span class="variable">unit</span> <span class="operator">=</span> TimeUnit.SECONDS;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//阻塞队列，如果一次性任务有很多，就回家那个目前多的任务放在队列里面，只要有空闲的线程了，就会从队列中取出新的任务继续执行</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> BlockingQueue&lt;Runnable&gt; workQueue = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">LinkedBlockingDeque</span>&lt;&gt;(<span class="number">100000</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//线程的创建工厂</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="type">ThreadFactory</span> <span class="variable">threadFactory</span> <span class="operator">=</span> Executors.defaultThreadFactory();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//处理策略。如果队列满了，按照我们指定的拒绝策略执行任务</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="type">RejectedExecutionHandler</span> <span class="variable">handler</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ThreadPoolExecutor</span>.AbortPolicy();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> Integer <span class="title function_">getCorePoolSize</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> corePoolSize;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">setCorePoolSize</span><span class="params">(Integer corePoolSize)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">this</span>.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> Integer <span class="title function_">getMaximumPoolSize</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> maximumPoolSize;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">setMaximumPoolSize</span><span class="params">(Integer maximumPoolSize)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">this</span>.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> Long <span class="title function_">getKeepAliveTime</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> keepAliveTime;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">setKeepAliveTime</span><span class="params">(Long keepAliveTime)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">this</span>.keepAliveTime = keepAliveTime;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> TimeUnit <span class="title function_">getUnit</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> unit;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">setUnit</span><span class="params">(TimeUnit unit)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">this</span>.unit = unit;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> BlockingQueue&lt;Runnable&gt; <span class="title function_">getWorkQueue</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> workQueue;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">setWorkQueue</span><span class="params">(BlockingQueue&lt;Runnable&gt; workQueue)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">this</span>.workQueue = workQueue;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> ThreadFactory <span class="title function_">getThreadFactory</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> threadFactory;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">setThreadFactory</span><span class="params">(ThreadFactory threadFactory)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">this</span>.threadFactory = threadFactory;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> RejectedExecutionHandler <span class="title function_">getHandler</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> handler;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">setHandler</span><span class="params">(RejectedExecutionHandler handler)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">this</span>.handler = handler;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="ThreadPoolAutoConfiguration"><a href="#ThreadPoolAutoConfiguration" class="headerlink" title="ThreadPoolAutoConfiguration"></a>ThreadPoolAutoConfiguration</h2><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> com.xiaofei.thread.pool.bean.ThreadPoolProperties;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Configuration</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@EnableConfigurationProperties(ThreadPoolProperties.class)</span><span class="comment">//默认会将ThreadPoolProperties放在容器中</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">ThreadPoolAutoConfiguration</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Autowired</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> ThreadPoolProperties threadPoolProperties;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Bean</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@ConditionalOnMissingBean(ThreadPoolExecutor.class)</span><span class="comment">//当容器中没有该Bean的时候才创建</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> ThreadPoolExecutor <span class="title function_">threadPoolService</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//使用ThreadPoolExecutor创建一个线程池</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ThreadPoolExecutor</span>(</span><br><span class="line">                threadPoolProperties.getCorePoolSize(),</span><br><span class="line">                threadPoolProperties.getMaximumPoolSize(),</span><br><span class="line">                threadPoolProperties.getKeepAliveTime(),</span><br><span class="line">                threadPoolProperties.getUnit(),</span><br><span class="line">                threadPoolProperties.getWorkQueue(),</span><br><span class="line">                threadPoolProperties.getThreadFactory(),</span><br><span class="line">                threadPoolProperties.getHandler()</span><br><span class="line">        );</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="spring-factories"><a href="#spring-factories" class="headerlink" title="spring.factories"></a>spring.factories</h2><figure class="highlight properties"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># Auto Configure</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration</span>=<span class="string">\</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">com.xiaofei.thread.pool.config.ThreadPoolAutoConfiguration</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 自动配置类所在的位置</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__title"><span class="post-copyright-info"><h>CompletableFuture 异步编排使用</h></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://www.naste.top:1024/posts/3193873453.html">https://www.naste.top:1024/posts/3193873453.html</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright-m"><div class="post-copyright-m-info"><div class="post-copyright-a"><h>作者</h><div class="post-copyright-cc-info"><h>XiaoFei🥝</h></div></div><div class="post-copyright-c"><h>发布于</h><div class="post-copyright-cc-info"><h>2022-07-18</h></div></div><div class="post-copyright-u"><h>更新于</h><div class="post-copyright-cc-info"><h>2024-04-26</h></div></div><div class="post-copyright-c"><h>许可协议</h><div class="post-copyright-cc-info"><a class="icon" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="Creative Commons" href="https://creativecommons.org/"><i class="fab fa-creative-commons"></i></a><a rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="CC BY-NC-SA 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2024-04-26</div><div class="title">JDBC</div></div></a></div><div><a href="/posts/134766740.html" title="MyBatisPlus"><img class="cover" src= "" data-lazy-src="https://www.naste.top:9000/webp/1515952743782.webp" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i> 2024-04-26</div><div class="title">MyBatisPlus</div></div></a></div><div><a href="/posts/469711973.html" title="MyBatis"><img class="cover" src= "" data-lazy-src="https://www.naste.top:9000/webp/1515952743770.jpeg" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i> 2024-04-26</div><div class="title">MyBatis</div></div></a></div><div><a href="/posts/2176751652.html" title="Spring+SpringMVC+MyBatis"><img class="cover" src= "" data-lazy-src="https://www.naste.top:9000/webp/1671882681.webp" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i> 2024-04-26</div><div class="title">Spring+SpringMVC+MyBatis</div></div></a></div></div></div><hr/><div id="post-comment"><div class="comment-head"><div class="comment-headline"><i class="fas fa-comments fa-fw"></i><span> 评论</span></div></div><div class="comment-wrap"><div><div id="twikoo-wrap"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="aside-content" id="aside-content"><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><svg class="meta_icon" style="width:22px;height:22px;position:relative;top:5px"><use xlink:href="#icon-mulu1"></use></svg><span style="font-weight:bold">目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%80%E3%80%81%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B%E5%9B%9E%E9%A1%BE"><span class="toc-text">一、线程回顾</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#1%E3%80%81%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%9B%E7%A7%8D%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F"><span class="toc-text">1、创建线程的四种方式</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#2%E3%80%81%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B%E6%B1%A0%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E5%92%8C%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B%E6%B1%A0"><span class="toc-text">2、线程池的七大参数和创建线程池</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#3%E3%80%81%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%81%E5%9B%9B%E7%A7%8D%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B%E6%B1%A0"><span class="toc-text">3、常见四种线程池</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%81CompletableFuture-%E5%BC%82%E6%AD%A5%E7%BC%96%E6%8E%92"><span class="toc-text">二、CompletableFuture 异步编排</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#1%E3%80%81%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E5%BC%82%E6%AD%A5%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1"><span class="toc-text">1、创建异步对象</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#2%E3%80%81%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E6%97%B6%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E5%9B%9E%E8%B0%83"><span class="toc-text">2、完成时执行回调</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#3%E3%80%81handle-%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-text">3、handle 方法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#4%E3%80%81%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B%E4%B8%B2%E8%A1%8C%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E2%80%94thenXxx"><span class="toc-text">4、线程串行化方法—thenXxx</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#5%E3%80%81%E4%B8%A4%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E7%BB%84%E5%90%88-%E9%83%BD%E8%A6%81%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90"><span class="toc-text">5、两任务组合 - 都要完成</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#6%E3%80%81%E4%B8%A4%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E7%BB%84%E5%90%88-%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90"><span class="toc-text">6、两任务组合 - 一个完成</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#7%E3%80%81%E5%A4%9A%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E7%BB%84%E5%90%88"><span class="toc-text">7、多任务组合</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%89%E3%80%81%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%9C%BA%E6%99%AF"><span class="toc-text">三、应用场景</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B%E6%B1%A0%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%BA%E6%99%AF%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-text">自定义线程池的场景启动器</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BAMaven%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE"><span class="toc-text">创建Maven项目</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#ThreadPoolProperties"><span class="toc-text">ThreadPoolProperties</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#ThreadPoolAutoConfiguration"><span class="toc-text">ThreadPoolAutoConfiguration</span></a></li><li class="toc-item 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